Optimal. Leaf size=392 \[ -\frac {d}{a x}-\frac {\sqrt [4]{c} \left (d-\frac {b d-2 a e}{\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}\right ) \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{2} \sqrt [4]{c} x}{\sqrt [4]{-b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}}\right )}{2\ 2^{3/4} a \sqrt [4]{-b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}}-\frac {\sqrt [4]{c} \left (d+\frac {b d-2 a e}{\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}\right ) \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{2} \sqrt [4]{c} x}{\sqrt [4]{-b+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}}\right )}{2\ 2^{3/4} a \sqrt [4]{-b+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}}+\frac {\sqrt [4]{c} \left (d-\frac {b d-2 a e}{\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}\right ) \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{2} \sqrt [4]{c} x}{\sqrt [4]{-b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}}\right )}{2\ 2^{3/4} a \sqrt [4]{-b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}}+\frac {\sqrt [4]{c} \left (d+\frac {b d-2 a e}{\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}\right ) \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{2} \sqrt [4]{c} x}{\sqrt [4]{-b+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}}\right )}{2\ 2^{3/4} a \sqrt [4]{-b+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}} \]
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Rubi [A]
time = 0.44, antiderivative size = 392, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.00, number of steps
used = 8, number of rules used = 5, integrand size = 25, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 0.200, Rules used = {1518, 1524,
304, 211, 214} \begin {gather*} -\frac {\sqrt [4]{c} \text {ArcTan}\left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{2} \sqrt [4]{c} x}{\sqrt [4]{-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}-b}}\right ) \left (d-\frac {b d-2 a e}{\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}\right )}{2\ 2^{3/4} a \sqrt [4]{-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}-b}}-\frac {\sqrt [4]{c} \text {ArcTan}\left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{2} \sqrt [4]{c} x}{\sqrt [4]{\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}-b}}\right ) \left (\frac {b d-2 a e}{\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}+d\right )}{2\ 2^{3/4} a \sqrt [4]{\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}-b}}+\frac {\sqrt [4]{c} \left (d-\frac {b d-2 a e}{\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}\right ) \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{2} \sqrt [4]{c} x}{\sqrt [4]{-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}-b}}\right )}{2\ 2^{3/4} a \sqrt [4]{-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}-b}}+\frac {\sqrt [4]{c} \left (\frac {b d-2 a e}{\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}+d\right ) \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{2} \sqrt [4]{c} x}{\sqrt [4]{\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}-b}}\right )}{2\ 2^{3/4} a \sqrt [4]{\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}-b}}-\frac {d}{a x} \end {gather*}
Antiderivative was successfully verified.
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Rule 211
Rule 214
Rule 304
Rule 1518
Rule 1524
Rubi steps
\begin {align*} \int \frac {d+e x^4}{x^2 \left (a+b x^4+c x^8\right )} \, dx &=-\frac {d}{a x}-\frac {\int \frac {x^2 \left (b d-a e+c d x^4\right )}{a+b x^4+c x^8} \, dx}{a}\\ &=-\frac {d}{a x}-\frac {\left (c \left (d-\frac {b d-2 a e}{\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}\right )\right ) \int \frac {x^2}{\frac {b}{2}+\frac {1}{2} \sqrt {b^2-4 a c}+c x^4} \, dx}{2 a}-\frac {\left (c \left (d+\frac {b d-2 a e}{\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}\right )\right ) \int \frac {x^2}{\frac {b}{2}-\frac {1}{2} \sqrt {b^2-4 a c}+c x^4} \, dx}{2 a}\\ &=-\frac {d}{a x}+\frac {\left (\sqrt {c} \left (d-\frac {b d-2 a e}{\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}\right )\right ) \int \frac {1}{\sqrt {-b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}-\sqrt {2} \sqrt {c} x^2} \, dx}{2 \sqrt {2} a}-\frac {\left (\sqrt {c} \left (d-\frac {b d-2 a e}{\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}\right )\right ) \int \frac {1}{\sqrt {-b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}+\sqrt {2} \sqrt {c} x^2} \, dx}{2 \sqrt {2} a}+\frac {\left (\sqrt {c} \left (d+\frac {b d-2 a e}{\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}\right )\right ) \int \frac {1}{\sqrt {-b+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}-\sqrt {2} \sqrt {c} x^2} \, dx}{2 \sqrt {2} a}-\frac {\left (\sqrt {c} \left (d+\frac {b d-2 a e}{\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}\right )\right ) \int \frac {1}{\sqrt {-b+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}+\sqrt {2} \sqrt {c} x^2} \, dx}{2 \sqrt {2} a}\\ &=-\frac {d}{a x}-\frac {\sqrt [4]{c} \left (d-\frac {b d-2 a e}{\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}\right ) \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{2} \sqrt [4]{c} x}{\sqrt [4]{-b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}}\right )}{2\ 2^{3/4} a \sqrt [4]{-b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}}-\frac {\sqrt [4]{c} \left (d+\frac {b d-2 a e}{\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}\right ) \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{2} \sqrt [4]{c} x}{\sqrt [4]{-b+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}}\right )}{2\ 2^{3/4} a \sqrt [4]{-b+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}}+\frac {\sqrt [4]{c} \left (d-\frac {b d-2 a e}{\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}\right ) \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{2} \sqrt [4]{c} x}{\sqrt [4]{-b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}}\right )}{2\ 2^{3/4} a \sqrt [4]{-b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}}+\frac {\sqrt [4]{c} \left (d+\frac {b d-2 a e}{\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}\right ) \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{2} \sqrt [4]{c} x}{\sqrt [4]{-b+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}}\right )}{2\ 2^{3/4} a \sqrt [4]{-b+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}}\\ \end {align*}
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Mathematica [C] Result contains higher order function than in optimal. Order 9 vs. order 3 in
optimal.
time = 0.05, size = 85, normalized size = 0.22 \begin {gather*} -\frac {d}{a x}-\frac {\text {RootSum}\left [a+b \text {$\#$1}^4+c \text {$\#$1}^8\&,\frac {b d \log (x-\text {$\#$1})-a e \log (x-\text {$\#$1})+c d \log (x-\text {$\#$1}) \text {$\#$1}^4}{b \text {$\#$1}+2 c \text {$\#$1}^5}\&\right ]}{4 a} \end {gather*}
Antiderivative was successfully verified.
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Maple [C] Result contains higher order function than in optimal. Order 9 vs. order
3.
time = 0.06, size = 73, normalized size = 0.19
method | result | size |
default | \(-\frac {d}{a x}+\frac {\munderset {\textit {\_R} =\RootOf \left (c \,\textit {\_Z}^{8}+\textit {\_Z}^{4} b +a \right )}{\sum }\frac {\left (-c d \,\textit {\_R}^{6}+\left (a e -b d \right ) \textit {\_R}^{2}\right ) \ln \left (x -\textit {\_R} \right )}{2 \textit {\_R}^{7} c +\textit {\_R}^{3} b}}{4 a}\) | \(73\) |
risch | \(-\frac {d}{a x}+\frac {\left (\munderset {\textit {\_R} =\RootOf \left (\left (256 a^{9} c^{4}-256 b^{2} c^{3} a^{8}+96 b^{4} c^{2} a^{7}-16 b^{6} c \,a^{6}+b^{8} a^{5}\right ) \textit {\_Z}^{8}+\left (16 a^{6} b \,c^{2} e^{4}+128 a^{6} c^{3} d \,e^{3}-8 a^{5} b^{3} c \,e^{4}-128 a^{5} b^{2} c^{2} d \,e^{3}-288 a^{5} b \,c^{3} d^{2} e^{2}-128 a^{5} c^{4} d^{3} e +a^{4} b^{5} e^{4}+40 a^{4} b^{4} c d \,e^{3}+240 a^{4} b^{3} c^{2} d^{2} e^{2}+320 a^{4} b^{2} c^{3} d^{3} e +80 a^{4} b \,c^{4} d^{4}-4 a^{3} b^{6} d \,e^{3}-66 a^{3} b^{5} c \,d^{2} e^{2}-200 a^{3} b^{4} c^{2} d^{3} e -120 a^{3} b^{3} c^{3} d^{4}+6 a^{2} b^{7} d^{2} e^{2}+48 a^{2} b^{6} c \,d^{3} e +61 a^{2} b^{5} c^{2} d^{4}-4 a \,b^{8} d^{3} e -13 a \,b^{7} c \,d^{4}+b^{9} d^{4}\right ) \textit {\_Z}^{4}+a^{4} c \,e^{8}-4 a^{3} b c d \,e^{7}+4 a^{3} c^{2} d^{2} e^{6}+6 a^{2} b^{2} c \,d^{2} e^{6}-12 a^{2} b \,c^{2} d^{3} e^{5}+6 a^{2} c^{3} d^{4} e^{4}-4 a \,b^{3} c \,d^{3} e^{5}+12 a \,b^{2} c^{2} d^{4} e^{4}-12 a b \,c^{3} d^{5} e^{3}+4 a \,c^{4} d^{6} e^{2}+b^{4} c \,d^{4} e^{4}-4 b^{3} c^{2} d^{5} e^{3}+6 b^{2} c^{3} d^{6} e^{2}-4 b \,c^{4} d^{7} e +c^{5} d^{8}\right )}{\sum }\textit {\_R} \ln \left (\left (\left (1152 a^{9} c^{4}-1184 b^{2} c^{3} a^{8}+456 b^{4} c^{2} a^{7}-78 b^{6} c \,a^{6}+5 b^{8} a^{5}\right ) \textit {\_R}^{8}+\left (60 a^{6} b \,c^{2} e^{4}+544 a^{6} c^{3} d \,e^{3}-31 a^{5} b^{3} c \,e^{4}-520 a^{5} b^{2} c^{2} d \,e^{3}-1176 a^{5} b \,c^{3} d^{2} e^{2}-544 a^{5} c^{4} d^{3} e +4 a^{4} b^{5} e^{4}+160 a^{4} b^{4} c d \,e^{3}+966 a^{4} b^{3} c^{2} d^{2} e^{2}+1304 a^{4} b^{2} c^{3} d^{3} e +332 a^{4} b \,c^{4} d^{4}-16 a^{3} b^{6} d \,e^{3}-264 a^{3} b^{5} c \,d^{2} e^{2}-804 a^{3} b^{4} c^{2} d^{3} e -487 a^{3} b^{3} c^{3} d^{4}+24 a^{2} b^{7} d^{2} e^{2}+192 a^{2} b^{6} c \,d^{3} e +245 a^{2} b^{5} c^{2} d^{4}-16 a \,b^{8} d^{3} e -52 a \,b^{7} c \,d^{4}+4 b^{9} d^{4}\right ) \textit {\_R}^{4}+4 a^{4} c \,e^{8}-16 a^{3} b c d \,e^{7}+16 a^{3} c^{2} d^{2} e^{6}+24 a^{2} b^{2} c \,d^{2} e^{6}-48 a^{2} b \,c^{2} d^{3} e^{5}+24 a^{2} c^{3} d^{4} e^{4}-16 a \,b^{3} c \,d^{3} e^{5}+48 a \,b^{2} c^{2} d^{4} e^{4}-48 a b \,c^{3} d^{5} e^{3}+16 a \,c^{4} d^{6} e^{2}+4 b^{4} c \,d^{4} e^{4}-16 b^{3} c^{2} d^{5} e^{3}+24 b^{2} c^{3} d^{6} e^{2}-16 b \,c^{4} d^{7} e +4 c^{5} d^{8}\right ) x +\left (64 a^{8} b \,c^{3} e +64 a^{8} c^{4} d -48 a^{7} b^{3} c^{2} e -112 a^{7} b^{2} c^{3} d +12 a^{6} b^{5} c e +60 a^{6} b^{4} c^{2} d -a^{5} b^{7} e -13 a^{5} b^{6} c d +a^{4} b^{8} d \right ) \textit {\_R}^{7}+\left (4 a^{6} c^{2} e^{5}-a^{5} b^{2} c \,e^{5}-4 a^{5} b \,c^{2} d \,e^{4}-8 a^{5} c^{3} d^{2} e^{3}+a^{4} b^{3} c d \,e^{4}+2 a^{4} b^{2} c^{2} d^{2} e^{3}+16 a^{4} b \,c^{3} d^{3} e^{2}-12 a^{4} c^{4} d^{4} e -4 a^{3} b^{3} c^{2} d^{3} e^{2}-a^{3} b^{2} c^{3} d^{4} e +4 a^{3} b \,c^{4} d^{5}+a^{2} b^{4} c^{2} d^{4} e -a^{2} b^{3} c^{3} d^{5}\right ) \textit {\_R}^{3}\right )\right )}{4}\) | \(1333\) |
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Maxima [F]
time = 0.00, size = 0, normalized size = 0.00 \begin {gather*} \text {Failed to integrate} \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Fricas [F(-1)] Timed out
time = 0.00, size = 0, normalized size = 0.00 \begin {gather*} \text {Timed out} \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Sympy [F(-1)] Timed out
time = 0.00, size = 0, normalized size = 0.00 \begin {gather*} \text {Timed out} \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Giac [F(-1)] Timed out
time = 0.00, size = 0, normalized size = 0.00 \begin {gather*} \text {Timed out} \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Mupad [B]
time = 9.46, size = 2500, normalized size = 6.38 \begin {gather*} \text {Too large to display} \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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